Which of the following is NOT a fundamental MLD technique in the Vodder approach?

• A. Stationary circles
• B. Pumping
• C. Clearing/opening
• D. Effleurage

Answer: (D)

In Vodder's Manual Lymph Drainage, movements are chosen for their ability to gently stimulate lymphatic flow and direct it toward regional nodes. The fundamental strokes are stationary circles, which produce rhythmic, localized stimulation; pumping, which pushes lymph along the lymphatic pathways; and clearing/opening, which helps relieve blockages and keep pathways clear so drainage can proceed. Effleurage, while common in other forms of massage and useful in some contexts for relaxation or warming tissues, is not one of the core, defining lymphatic techniques in the Vodder approach. It doesn’t provide the specific light, directional, rhythm-based actions that the Vodder fundamentals rely on to promote effective lymph drainage.